The most posterior hemal arch with an open canal through which the dorsal aorta passes.

Paired, bony lateral extensions off the parhypural. Also known as ‘parhypurapophysis’.

Paired bony lateral extensions off the hemal arch of the parhypural. Also known as ‘hypurapophysis’.

Arranged in three rows or series.

Bony, movable, lateral process of the lateral ethmoid located beneath the eye in males of certain nemacheilid loaches.

Light, spongy bone of the skull located between the orbits and forming part of the eye socket and nasal cavity.

A narrow land-bridge, also known as the ‘Devil’s Neck’, connecting mainland Asia and the Malay Peninsula. Its eastern side belongs to Thailand and western part Myanmar.

Used in reference to an unpaired anatomical structure, e.g., an azygos vein.

Wetland ecosystem of which most are located in northeast Bangladesh. The typical form is that of a bowl or saucer-shaped depression and the core haor area is surrounded by hills of the Indian states of Meghalaya to the north, Tripura and Mizoram to the south, and Assam and Manipur to the east. The area is known locally as the ‘Haor’ or ‘Sylhet’ basin and floods extensively each year during the annual monsoons.

Mouth located on the ventral surface of the head and oriented downwards.