Presumably inhabits small rivers, tributaries and streams with substrates of gravel, rocks, boulders, and exposed bedrock which undergo seasonal variations in water flow rate, depth and turbidity.

Lanyu Island is volcanic, measures just 45 km² and has no major rivers or large settlements with a permanent human population of around 4000, although there is a large nuclear waste storage facility at its southern end.

In addition, there appear to exist two colour forms based on male dorsal-fin morphology and patterning; one in which the 4th ray of the first dorsal-fin is longest with a square bluish-black blotch on the anterior ⅔ of the fin, and a second in which the 2nd and 3rd rays of the first dorsal-fin are longest with the fin itself paler and lacking dark markings.

Very few details exist but the type locality is given as ‘Yangso, Li Kiang, Kwangsi Province, southern China’, which should correspond to an unspecified location within the Li River (Li Jiang) system in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China.

The specimens in our images were collected i…

This species appears to exist in a number of different forms which exhibit differences in colour pattern, morphology, or both, and it’s currently unclear whether all of them are truly conspecific or not although to avoid confusion we list all together here.

This fish is normally imported alongside the congener R. candidianus and is actually the commoner of the two in the aquarium trade.

It looks very similar to R. candidianus but does not grow as large and possesses a more rounded snout.

Most specimens also have spot-like markings on the sides of the head which has led to them being identified as R. nantaiensis, but the fish do no…

This species is normally imported alongside a smaller-growing, near-identical congener currently listed as R. cf. nantaiensis with both traded as R. candidianus.

They can be separated by snout length, which is noticeably longer in R. candidianus, and adult size with R. cf. nantaiensis reaching just 50-55 mm.

R. candidianus can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of cha…

This species has been in the aquarium trade since 2010 and is sold under several names including ‘Chinese vermilion goby’, ‘Zhou’s scarlet goby’, ‘scarlet goby’, and ‘flame goby’.

It can be told apart from congeners by the following combination of characters: second dorsal-fin rays I, 8-9; anal-fin rays I, 7-8; pectoral-fin rays 16-18; longitudinal scale series 29-31; predorsal scales 10-12; vertebral count 10+16=26.

Lake Eyre is a vast endorheic basin within which lies the lowest point in Australia at some 15 m BMSL. It only fills with water occasionally and when it does so forms the country’s largest salt lake.

C. eremius does not occur in the lake itself since no fishes are able to survive there, rather it inhabits isolated freshwater springs, flowing artesian bores (wells), and ephemeral waterholes where it tends to be associated with rocks and other submerged cover.

Apparently restricted to slow-moving or standing freshwater habitats such as marshes, temporal swamps and floodplains where aquatic vegetation and submerged grasses proliferate.

One locality consisted of undisturbed marshland with lightly tannin-stained water and dense growth of Vallisneria spp.

B. xanthozonus can be considered something of an enigma since its name has been widely misapplied in aquarium literature for decades, when in reality it’s probably never been exported for the ornamental trade.

The majority of fish seen labelled as such are either B. doriae or B. sabanus, themselves often misidentified.