Results for “vegetative”

Restricted to remnant blackwater habits in heavily-disturbed areas of former peat swamp forest, the original vegetation having been cleared to make space for plantations of oil pal, pineapple and rubber. It's now typically found among overhanging marginal vegetation of irrigation canals, with sympatric species including Belontia hasseltii, Betta bellica, B. imbellis, Sphaerichthys osphromenoides, Parosphromenus sp., and Trichopsis vittata. PH in its natural waters has been recorded over the range 3.9 - 4.2.

At one locality close to Serian, Sarawak, the habitat comprised a swiftly-flowing, clear hill stream with a substrate of quartz gravel and variably-sized rocks. The pH was 7.0 and there was no aquatic vegetation. The stream was approximately 10 metres across at its widest point and between 5-80 cm deep. B. taeniata was found in sluggish stretches among submerged tree roots, leaf litter, or overhanging riparian vegetation.

This species has mostly been collected from small (1-2 metres wide, 20-40 cm deep), moderate-to-swiftly-flowing streams with clear water, substrates of sand, gravel and rocks and no aquatic vegetation. Marginal vegetation was present in some cases, offering a degree of shade, and sympatric species included an unidentified Schistura sp., S. vinciguerrae, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Garra qiaojiensis,...

Typically inhabits slow-moving, shallow, shady rainforest streams and swamps with dense submerged and marginal vegetation. The conditions are often rather turbid and the substrate composed of mud or fallen leaves, twigs and branches. Such environments characteristically contain soft, weakly acidic water and are often dimly-lit due to the rainforest canopy above. The fish are found sheltering among overhanging tree roots and aquatic vegetation.

Apparently inhabits calm to moderately-flowing stretches of well-oxygenated headwaters and minor tributaries. Such habitats tend to comprise transparent water, substrates of sand, gravel, rocks, boulders, and patches of leaf litter, with submerged driftwood, roots of riparian vegetation, and aquatic vegetation in places.

Best maintained in a heavily planted set-up, ideally with a dark substrate, patches of dense vegetation, and some open areas. Other décor can consist of twisted roots and pieces of bogwood, while surface vegetation is also appreciated by the fish. When maintained under such conditions they're more likely to display their best colours, and planted aquaria also offer fry a more favourable chance of survival alongside the adults.

A biotope-style set-up could consist of a sandy substrate, piles of smooth rocks and driftwood roots and branches, some of which should penetrate the water surface. Aquatic vegetation can be included if you wish but is likely to be eaten.

This species is euryhaline and mostly inhabits lowland, often coastal, habitats containing still or slow-moving brackish or freshwater. It displays a preference for habitats with surface vegetation or overhanging cover and is commonly found in mangrove swamps and rice paddies.

Inhabits freshwater swamps and associated streams, typically shaded from the sun by dense riparian vegetation. The water is normally clear or lightly stained with tannins, and the fish found in water less than a metre deep alongside related species including Betta edithae, B. miniopinna, and B. fusca. PH has been measured to range between 4.9-5.5.

Known only forest hill streams with flowing, clear water. These are typically shaded from the sun by dense riparian vegetation. The substrate is composed of rocks or gravel, fallen leaves, branches and submerged tree roots, and presumably the fish show a preference for quieter marginal zones as with related congeners. The type locality was described as a 'swampy stream' and sympatric species incl...

Apparently restricted to slow-moving or standing freshwater habitats such as marshes, temporal swamps and floodplains where aquatic vegetation and submerged grasses proliferate. One locality consisted of undisturbed marshland with lightly tannin-stained water and dense growth of Vallisneria spp.

Mostly known from slow-moving, relatively shallow tributaries and minor rivers with substrates of mud, sand or gravel. Aquatic plants are only occasionally present but riparian vegetation apparently grows thickly at some localities. In the Schutunga River, part of the Mansai River drinage which is itself a tributary of the Brahmaputra in West Bengal state, In...

Prefers a dimly-lit aquarium with plenty of cover in the form of live plants, driftwood branches, terracotta pipes, plant pots, etc., arranged to form a network of nooks, crannies, and shaded spots. Surface vegetation such as Ceratopteris spp. is also appreciated and makes the fish less inclined to conceal themselves.

Omnivorous and will accept most foods offered, with the stomach contents of wild specimens varying on a seasonal basis but mostly comprising insects and insect larvae (orders Trichoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera) plus some terrestrial fruits and even scales of other fishes (Sánchez et al., 2003). In the aquarium offer live Daphnia, Artemia, Moina, bloodowrm, etc., vegetable matter in the form of blanched spinach, lettuce, cucumber, fruit, algae wafers, etc., and good quality, sinking dried foods.

This species is also known as the 'spraying', 'splashing' or 'jumping' tetra and these names are also sometimes applied to its congeners although none of them exhibit a comparable spawning strategy, simply depositing their eggs among vegetation at or around the water surface.

C. carsevennensis has formerly been synonymised with C. arnoldi but was considered separate by Zarske (2011) using the following combination characters: absence (vs. presence) of a silvery-white to white patch in the centre of some of the flank scales in males, particularly in the lower half of the body; absence (vs. presence) of a horizontal dark body bar in nuptial males; absence (vs. presence) of thin black margins in the dorsal, ventral and anal fins; eggs deposited among submerged vegetation (vs. eg...

The Río Calchaquí rises at almost 6000 m AMSL and flows swiftly through a mountainous valley where it is largely fed by snow melt. The climate is semi-arid and cool with an air temperature of 12-18°C, while rainfall is largely concentrated during summer when the flow can be torrential. The water is hard and rich in salts, with pH measured at 8.04 during the month of August. Aquatic vegetation and filamentous algae grow around the margins and in tributaries.

The surrounding area is semi-arid and the Bolsón de Sandia was once a beautiful oasis with a number of springs, abundant vegetation and diverse wildlife but has dried up over the last twenty to thirty years due to indiscriminate water extraction for agriculture and other human uses. Three endemic species of Cyprinodon, namely C. veronicae, C. longidorsalis and C. ceciliae, have been described from separate springs within the system...

The massive decline in wild populations, hypothesised to be in excess of 90% since the mid-1980s, is thought to have been caused by a variety of factors, including habitat alteration due to construction of dams and other infrastructure, removal of riparian vegetation, and urban pollution, plus over fishing for both human consumption and the aquarium trade.

Erromyzon spp. are obligate dwellers of shallow, fast-flowing, highly-oxygenated headwaters/minor tributaries characterised by stretches of riffles and runs broken up by pools or cascades in some cases. Substrates are normally composed of smaller rocks, sand and gravel with jumbles of boulders, and while riparian/stream-side vegetation and patches of submerged leaf litter are common features aquatic plants aren't usually present.