This species was known as L. sp. ‘Buckelkopf’ in the aquarium hobby prior to publication of its official description.

It’s distinguished from all congeners by possessing 7-8 dorsal-fin rays (vs. 9–10 in L. dorsigera, L. fulvipinnis and L. thayeri, 8–9 in L. curviceps and L. flamannellus, and 9–11 in L. flavilabris).

Some wild populations have evolved a complex amphidromous breeding strategy in which adults live and spawn in freshwater or brackish streams and the pelagic post-hatch larvae are washed downstream to the sea where the post-larval fry spend the first part of their life developing in estuarine nursery zones under brackish to full marine conditions.

Once they reach a certain stage of development they begin to migrate upstream with some mov…

There are a number of unidentified species within the grouping of which several are referred to using a two-letter code based on their respective colour pattern for ease of reference, with ‘CB’ shorthand for ‘cross band’, for example.

R. sp. ‘CB’ is the commonest member of the grouping in Japan but has not yet entered the international aquarium trade as far as we know.

As is typical for the genus eggs are deposited on the ceiling of a cave or crevice and guarded by the male until hatching.

Several potential sites should be offered in the form of rocks (flat slate tends to be easiest to handle, see below), terracotta pipes, plant pots, etc.

A nuptial male will select a site and defend it agai…

Prefers a dimly-lit aquarium with plenty of cover in the form of live plants, driftwood branches, terracotta pipes, plant pots, etc., arranged to form a network of nooks, crannies, and shaded spots.

Surface vegetation such as Ceratopteris spp. is also appreciated and makes the fish less inclined to conceal themselves.

This species has been traded as ‘six-eyed tetra’ in reference to its colour pattern comprising two dark spots on each flank plus the eye.

Based on the extensive review of the genus by Lucena and Malabarba (2010), in which nine new species were described, P. tegatus can be told apart from congeners by the following combination of characters: lateral line incomplete with 8-13 perforated scales; laterally elongate humera…

Based on its colour pattern and limited details regarding its natural habitat this species may be adapted to dwelling between and under rocks.

Alipurduar lies in the moist tropical region of floodplains and foothills of the eastern Himalayas commonly referred to as the Dooars or Duars, traditionally considered the gateway to Bhutan.

Known only from a relatively small area near the villages of Takwai I and II, Atebong Wire and Edjuingan in wester Cameroon, with records existing from the Bagwor and Mack river systems both of which are tributaries within the upper Cross River basin, western Cameroon.

Type locality is ‘West Cameroon, 5°34’N, 9°50’E’.

Collections of wild fish are generally lab…

This unidentified species first appeared in the aquarium trade during 2009.

It’s easily told apart from similar-looking congeners by the patches of vivid red pigmentation surrounding the eye and sides of the mouth plus the thick, reddish, marginal band in the caudal-fin.

This species was considered synonymous with the Indochinese congener C. micropeltes for over a century before being revalidated in 2011.

Like in C. micropeltes colour pattern varies depending on the age of the fish.

Juveniles possess two longitudinal black stripes on the head and body with the are…