Field observations have revealed that individuals almost always position themselves facing into the flow, either along the sides, behind or under rocks, their specialised morphology (see ‘notes’) allowing them to feed and maintain position without being swept away.

In nature G. monticola occurs sympatrically alongside Garra borneensis, Osteochilus ingeri, Gastromyzon auronigrus, G. cornusaccus, Nemacheilus olivaceus,…

In fact G. farragus and G. ocellatus represent one of 12 pairs of cryptospecies to be found in the genus, differing in subtle aspects of patterning. Cryptospecies are defined as morphologically similar, but reproductively isolated species which in fishes often inhabit adjacent river basins but in some cases occur sympatrically. The phenomenon may be a result of parallel evolution, and is not normally considered to represent an early stage of speciation.

This species has probably not been seen in the aquarium trade yet but has been maintained by a few private collectors.

It can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: secondary rostrum present; complete postoral pouch present; body colour brown with up to 9 thin gold stripes; head dorsum dark brown with gold reticulate pattern; subopercular groove absent; gill slit vertical; sublacrymal groove present; sno…

One of the more commonly-traded members of the genus and often found in mixed shipments which may contain other Gastromyzon spp. or related fishes like Beaufortia kweichowensis, these often labelled collectively as ‘Borneo sucker’, ‘Hong Kong pleco’, ‘butterfly loach’, etc. It’s sometimes misidentified as G. punctulatus, a species not currently traded which possesses yellow finnage and a lighter-coloured, less-intensely spotted body.

G. cornusaccus can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: secondary rostrum present; incomplete postoral pouch present reduced to pockets located posterior to mouth corners; sublacrymal groove present and visible when viewed laterally; juveniles with thick, cream-coloured bars and blotches on body, adults uniformly-coloured; head dorsum plain; subopercular groove absent; gill slit vertical; snout truncate when viewed dorsally; no scales on abdomen; 55-61 lateral line scale…

Field observations have revealed that individuals almost always position themselves facing into the flow, either along the sides, behind or under rocks, their specialised morphology (see ‘Notes’) allowing them to feed and maintain position without being swept away.

Not many fishes have been able to successfully colonise this narrow ecological niche, but syntopic species in nature include Gastromyzon extrorsus (Petagas River), G. introrsus, G. lepidogaster (Pad…

This species is one of several traded variously as 'butterfly loach', 'butterfly plec', 'Hong Kong plec(o)', 'Chinese hillstream loach' or simply 'hill stream loach'. In many countries it's the most common balitorid in the shops but is also often found in mixed shipments containing members of other genera.

Like all balitorids it's an obligate bottom-dweller with specialised morphology adapted to life in fast-flowing water. The paire…

This species is available occasionally, though not always under the correct name. We've seen it on sale as S. elegans on numerous occasions, for example, and other trade names include 'Sumatran blue neon goby' (it's not found on Sumatra), 'cobalt blue goby' and 'freshwater neon goby'. Further…

Annamia spp. may be confused with related genera such as those of the genus Balitoropsis. They can be identified by their more depressed body shape, elongate lower caudal-fin lobe, and the presence of a single unbranched ray in the pectoral and pelvic fins. At least one undescribed member of the genus is thought to exist.

At one locality close to Ban Na Hwai, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand L. hasselti was collected from a shallow (<0.5 m) pool in a swampy zone between forest and rice fields. The substrate was of mud, there was no aquatic vegetation and it was being used as drinking water by local animals, with the only effluent connected to a 'small creek'. Other species found there were Physoschistura pseudobrunneana, Rasbora hobelmani and Systomus cf. orphoides.