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Neoceratodus forsteri

Australian Lungfish

Classification

Ceratodontidae

Distribution

Endemic to parts of Australia.

Habitat

Pools, swamps, and other still or sluggish waters.

Maximum Standard Length

68″ (170cm). Usually smaller in captivity, but it’s still more than capable of reaching 36″ (90cm).

Aquarium SizeTop ↑

A fairly sedentary species that can be kept in a tank measuring 72″ x 36″ x 48″ (240cm x 90cm x 120cm) – 2040 litres. Bear in mind that this may need to be upgraded if the fish reaches anything like its maximum size.

Maintenance

Water movement should be kept to a minimum. The species is unfussy with regards to decor. Some cover can be provided in the form of roots, branches or large, smooth rocks, and any artificial lighting should be very dim. A sandy or muddy substrate is beneficial but not essential. What is most important is that the cover of the tank cannot be moved by the fish, and contains no gaps. It will escape given the slightest opportunity. A gap of around 6″ should be left between the water surface and the cover to allow it access to the atmospheric air it needs to survive.

Water Conditions

Temperature: 72-82°F (22-28°C)

pH: 6.5-8.0

Hardness: 5-20°H

Diet

Omnivorous in nature, feeding on fish, shellfish, amphibians and plant matter. It will adapt to a variety of foods in an aquarium. Offer prawn, mussel, lancefish, algae wafers and other vegetable matter. Larger specimens can be fed whole fish such as trout or sprats.

Behaviour and CompatibilityTop ↑

Best kept singly and alone. Some hobbyists do keep these with other large species but it’s very risky. Lungfish are unpredictable and can bite chunks out of other fish at will. Specimens that have been kept in a community situation for some time have been known to suddenly turn on their tankmates. It is also completely intolerant of congeners and should always be kept as a single specimen.

Sexual Dimorphism

Unknown.

Reproduction

Not achieved in aquaria, but it is being produced commercially on a single farm in Australia. In nature the fish spawn just prior to the rainy season, and in contrast to other lungfish species, exhibit no parental care whatsoever. The young are initially capable of taking in air via their skin surfaces.

NotesTop ↑

Lungfish are among the most intriguing of “oddball” aquarium subjects, being able to survive in the most extreme conditions. They are very ancient fish, having remained virtually unchanged for millions of years. Unlike its African relatives, N. forsteri cannot survive in completely dry conditions for long, although it does require access to atmospheric air to survive. It possesses only a single lung (the African species have paired lungs), which is formed via a modification of the swim bladder. This large organ is divided internally into 2 chambers and is highly vascularised. It’s thought that the lung acts primarily as an accessory, rather than alternative breathing organ in this species. It regularly rises to the surface to take in air, and emits a strange bellow-like sound as it exhales.

The Australian lung is very hardy, easy to maintain and can become quite tame, although you’re unlikely to ever see one for sale. It’s protected by CITES (Appendix 2), and a permit is required to collect it from the wild. There is only one breeder currently licensed to produce specimens for the trade. These are microchipped, come with a special certificate and are very expensive. There are quite a few public aquarium specimens throughout the world, including one particularly famous individual kept at the Chicago Shedd Aquarium in the United States that’s thought to be over 80 years old.

One Response to “Neoceratodus forsteri (Australian Lungfish)”

  • arapaimag

    “Best kept singly and alone. Some hobbyists do keep these with other large species but it’s very risky”

    I have only owned mine for 10 1/2 years. However I find them to have no issues with other fish and have never seen them attack, injure or chase any of them.

    “Lungfish are unpredictable and can bite chunks out of other fish at will.”

    Having owned african lungfish for a period of 25 years plus.I can very much agree with this statement if you are referring to any of the african species of lungfish.

    My experience with both australian and south american lungfish differs from your experiences but I do agree while they may be capable of biting chunks out of other fish, mine have never injured any of my fish kept with them.

    “Specimens that have been kept in a community situation for some time have been known to suddenly turn on their tank mates.”

    Good to know and I will watch for this behaviour but I have only owned them for only 10 and a half years and have thankfully not witnessed this yet.

    “It is also completely intolerant of congeners and should always be kept as a single specimen.”

    After seeing them in groups in public aquariums with no signs of aggression I contemplated putting my two together. I contacted other people who were on line and had kept 2 or more together and found out the only time they had issues when the fish were together was when they were juveniles at sizes ranging from 10″ to about 14″ (in their cases).

    My younger one had injured fins on a similar sized forsteri at about 12 inches in length while owned by another hobbyist and both were in his tank.

    However I never noticed it bothering any other species of fish over a 1 year observation after I had obtained it, so I decided to put it (at about 24″/61cm) in with my larger/older one (about 36″/94cm).

    This happened about 2 years ago and I have never had issues/aggression of any sort with either of the lungs or their tank mates. Their enclosure is 275cm by 305cm and 183 cm deep. It’s water is part of my 2 tank/system comprised of between 200,000 to 250,000 litres. The water changes to the system varies at times but this month I change about 7,500 litres daily on a (fast)drip system and about 30,000 litres when I flush/clean my 3 bead/filters (once a week).

    BTW a news report stated that Grand dad passed on about a month ago (April 2017). He was said to have been obtained around 1931 at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago USA. So they had him for 86 years.


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